comparison
WCAG 2.2 vs WAD
WCAG 2.2 (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.2, Global (referenced by most national accessibility laws), 2023) and WAD (EU Web Accessibility Directive, European Union — public-sector bodies, 2016) are two of the most-referenced accessibility frameworks in digital compliance. This guide compares them side by side — jurisdiction, scope, conformance approach, penalties, and how a single audit can cover both simultaneously.
What is WCAG 2.2?
WCAG 2.2 (pronounced 'wuh-cag 2.2') is the World Wide Web Consortium's globally adopted standard for web accessibility, published October 2023, defining 87 testable success criteria organised under four principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust.
Maintainer
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Jurisdiction and enforcement
Global (referenced by most national accessibility laws). Referenced by ADA, EAA, Section 508, AODA and many others.
What is WAD?
The EU Web Accessibility Directive (Directive (EU) 2016/2102) requires public-sector bodies in all EU member states to make their websites and mobile apps accessible per EN 301 549, with mandatory accessibility statements and a complaints mechanism — operative since September 2018 for new sites and September 2020 for all sites.
Maintainer
European Commission
Jurisdiction and enforcement
European Union — public-sector bodies. Per member state.
WCAG 2.2 vs WAD — the key differences
The principal difference is jurisdictional: WCAG 2.2 applies in Global (referenced by most national accessibility laws), while WAD applies in European Union — public-sector bodies. WCAG 2.2 is maintained by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C); WAD is maintained by European Commission. The standards differ on scope, conformance grading, and penalty structure — but a well-designed accessibility programme can satisfy both simultaneously by adopting the strictest applicable requirement and cross-mapping findings.
Scope
WCAG 2.2 covers: Web content, Mobile web, Web applications, PDF documents (with PDF/UA), EPUB publications. WAD covers: Public-sector websites and intranets, Public-sector mobile apps, Documents published by public bodies.
Penalties
WCAG 2.2: United States: civil penalties under ADA Title III; demand letters typically settle at $3,000–$25,000; litigated cases can reach $50,000+ in attorney-fee awards. WAD: Per-member-state.
How to comply with both at once
Adopt the stricter applicable conformance level — typically WCAG 2.2 Level AA — as your engineering baseline. Audit against that baseline once, then cross-map findings to both WCAG 2.2 and WAD specific requirements. A single Accessibility Conformance Report (ACR) using VPAT 2.5 INT can document both.
When you might need just one
If you operate exclusively in Global (referenced by most national accessibility laws) and have no cross-border procurement exposure, you may only need WCAG 2.2. The same applies in reverse for WAD. For organisations selling cross-border, into the EU or US public sector, the safer default is to plan to both simultaneously.
Sources
- Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2 — W3C
- WCAG 2 Overview — W3C WAI
- What's New in WCAG 2.2 — W3C WAI
- Test Evaluating Web Accessibility — W3C WAI
- Directive (EU) 2016/2102 — European Union
FAQ
Frequently asked questions
Cited answers. Sourced. Updated as standards and case law change.
Is WCAG 2.2 stricter than WAD?
Neither standard is uniformly "stricter" — they cover different regulatory domains. WCAG 2.2 is more prescriptive about web content; WAD about public-sector websites and intranets. For organisations exposed to both, a unified WCAG 2.2 AA baseline typically satisfies the technical requirements of both.
Can a single audit satisfy WCAG 2.2 and WAD?
Yes. Both standards ultimately reference WCAG-aligned criteria. A combined audit with cross-mapped findings can produce documentation acceptable to both regulators.
Which jurisdictions enforce WCAG 2.2?
Global (referenced by most national accessibility laws). Referenced by ADA, EAA, Section 508, AODA and many others.
Which jurisdictions enforce WAD?
European Union — public-sector bodies. Per member state.
What happens if I am not compliant with WCAG 2.2?
United States: civil penalties under ADA Title III; demand letters typically settle at $3,000–$25,000; litigated cases can reach $50,000+ in attorney-fee awards European Union: fines under EAA national transpositions vary by member state, up to €1,000,000 in some jurisdictions Canada (AODA): C$50,000–C$100,000 per day per violation in Ontario
What happens if I am not compliant with WAD?
Per-member-state
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