comparison
WAD vs WCAG 2.2
WAD (EU Web Accessibility Directive, European Union — public-sector bodies, 2016) and WCAG 2.2 (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.2, Global (referenced by most national accessibility laws), 2023) are two of the most-referenced accessibility frameworks in digital compliance. This guide compares them side by side — jurisdiction, scope, conformance approach, penalties, and how a single audit can cover both simultaneously.
What is WAD?
The EU Web Accessibility Directive (Directive (EU) 2016/2102) requires public-sector bodies in all EU member states to make their websites and mobile apps accessible per EN 301 549, with mandatory accessibility statements and a complaints mechanism — operative since September 2018 for new sites and September 2020 for all sites.
Maintainer
European Commission
Jurisdiction and enforcement
European Union — public-sector bodies. Per member state.
What is WCAG 2.2?
WCAG 2.2 (pronounced 'wuh-cag 2.2') is the World Wide Web Consortium's globally adopted standard for web accessibility, published October 2023, defining 87 testable success criteria organised under four principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust.
Maintainer
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Jurisdiction and enforcement
Global (referenced by most national accessibility laws). Referenced by ADA, EAA, Section 508, AODA and many others.
WAD vs WCAG 2.2 — the key differences
The principal difference is jurisdictional: WAD applies in European Union — public-sector bodies, while WCAG 2.2 applies in Global (referenced by most national accessibility laws). WAD is maintained by European Commission; WCAG 2.2 is maintained by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The standards differ on scope, conformance grading, and penalty structure — but a well-designed accessibility programme can satisfy both simultaneously by adopting the strictest applicable requirement and cross-mapping findings.
Scope
WAD covers: Public-sector websites and intranets, Public-sector mobile apps, Documents published by public bodies. WCAG 2.2 covers: Web content, Mobile web, Web applications, PDF documents (with PDF/UA), EPUB publications.
Penalties
WAD: Per-member-state. WCAG 2.2: United States: civil penalties under ADA Title III; demand letters typically settle at $3,000–$25,000; litigated cases can reach $50,000+ in attorney-fee awards.
How to comply with both at once
Adopt the stricter applicable conformance level — typically WCAG 2.2 Level AA — as your engineering baseline. Audit against that baseline once, then cross-map findings to both WAD and WCAG 2.2 specific requirements. A single Accessibility Conformance Report (ACR) using VPAT 2.5 INT can document both.
When you might need just one
If you operate exclusively in European Union — public-sector bodies and have no cross-border procurement exposure, you may only need WAD. The same applies in reverse for WCAG 2.2. For organisations selling cross-border, into the EU or US public sector, the safer default is to plan to both simultaneously.
Sources
- Directive (EU) 2016/2102 — European Union
- Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2 — W3C
- WCAG 2 Overview — W3C WAI
- What's New in WCAG 2.2 — W3C WAI
- Test Evaluating Web Accessibility — W3C WAI
FAQ
Frequently asked questions
Cited answers. Sourced. Updated as standards and case law change.
Is WAD stricter than WCAG 2.2?
Neither standard is uniformly "stricter" — they cover different regulatory domains. WAD is more prescriptive about public-sector websites and intranets; WCAG 2.2 about web content. For organisations exposed to both, a unified WCAG 2.2 AA baseline typically satisfies the technical requirements of both.
Can a single audit satisfy WAD and WCAG 2.2?
Yes. Both standards ultimately reference WCAG-aligned criteria. A combined audit with cross-mapped findings can produce documentation acceptable to both regulators.
Which jurisdictions enforce WAD?
European Union — public-sector bodies. Per member state.
Which jurisdictions enforce WCAG 2.2?
Global (referenced by most national accessibility laws). Referenced by ADA, EAA, Section 508, AODA and many others.
What happens if I am not compliant with WAD?
Per-member-state
What happens if I am not compliant with WCAG 2.2?
United States: civil penalties under ADA Title III; demand letters typically settle at $3,000–$25,000; litigated cases can reach $50,000+ in attorney-fee awards European Union: fines under EAA national transpositions vary by member state, up to €1,000,000 in some jurisdictions Canada (AODA): C$50,000–C$100,000 per day per violation in Ontario
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