comparison
ACA vs WCAG 2.2
ACA (Accessible Canada Act, Canada — federally regulated entities, 2019) and WCAG 2.2 (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.2, Global (referenced by most national accessibility laws), 2023) are two of the most-referenced accessibility frameworks in digital compliance. This guide compares them side by side — jurisdiction, scope, conformance approach, penalties, and how a single audit can cover both simultaneously.
What is ACA?
The Accessible Canada Act (ACA, 2019) requires federally regulated entities — federal government, banks, telecom, broadcasting, transportation — to identify, remove and prevent accessibility barriers, with the explicit goal of "a Canada without barriers by 2040" and detailed regulations layered on top including the ICT regulations referencing EN 301 549.
Maintainer
Accessibility Standards Canada
Jurisdiction and enforcement
Canada — federally regulated entities. Accessibility Commissioner; CRTC for telecom; CTA for transportation.
What is WCAG 2.2?
WCAG 2.2 (pronounced 'wuh-cag 2.2') is the World Wide Web Consortium's globally adopted standard for web accessibility, published October 2023, defining 87 testable success criteria organised under four principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust.
Maintainer
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Jurisdiction and enforcement
Global (referenced by most national accessibility laws). Referenced by ADA, EAA, Section 508, AODA and many others.
ACA vs WCAG 2.2 — the key differences
The principal difference is jurisdictional: ACA applies in Canada — federally regulated entities, while WCAG 2.2 applies in Global (referenced by most national accessibility laws). ACA is maintained by Accessibility Standards Canada; WCAG 2.2 is maintained by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The standards differ on scope, conformance grading, and penalty structure — but a well-designed accessibility programme can satisfy both simultaneously by adopting the strictest applicable requirement and cross-mapping findings.
Scope
ACA covers: Federally regulated workplaces, Federal services (incl. digital), Federally regulated transportation and telecom. WCAG 2.2 covers: Web content, Mobile web, Web applications, PDF documents (with PDF/UA), EPUB publications.
Penalties
ACA: Administrative monetary penalties up to C$250,000 per violation. WCAG 2.2: United States: civil penalties under ADA Title III; demand letters typically settle at $3,000–$25,000; litigated cases can reach $50,000+ in attorney-fee awards.
How to comply with both at once
Adopt the stricter applicable conformance level — typically WCAG 2.2 Level AA — as your engineering baseline. Audit against that baseline once, then cross-map findings to both ACA and WCAG 2.2 specific requirements. A single Accessibility Conformance Report (ACR) using VPAT 2.5 INT can document both.
When you might need just one
If you operate exclusively in Canada — federally regulated entities and have no cross-border procurement exposure, you may only need ACA. The same applies in reverse for WCAG 2.2. For organisations selling cross-border, into the EU or US public sector, the safer default is to plan to both simultaneously.
Sources
- Accessible Canada Act — Government of Canada
- Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2 — W3C
- WCAG 2 Overview — W3C WAI
- What's New in WCAG 2.2 — W3C WAI
- Test Evaluating Web Accessibility — W3C WAI
FAQ
Frequently asked questions
Cited answers. Sourced. Updated as standards and case law change.
Is ACA stricter than WCAG 2.2?
Neither standard is uniformly "stricter" — they cover different regulatory domains. ACA is more prescriptive about federally regulated workplaces; WCAG 2.2 about web content. For organisations exposed to both, a unified WCAG 2.2 AA baseline typically satisfies the technical requirements of both.
Can a single audit satisfy ACA and WCAG 2.2?
Yes. Both standards ultimately reference WCAG-aligned criteria. A combined audit with cross-mapped findings can produce documentation acceptable to both regulators.
Which jurisdictions enforce ACA?
Canada — federally regulated entities. Accessibility Commissioner; CRTC for telecom; CTA for transportation.
Which jurisdictions enforce WCAG 2.2?
Global (referenced by most national accessibility laws). Referenced by ADA, EAA, Section 508, AODA and many others.
What happens if I am not compliant with ACA?
Administrative monetary penalties up to C$250,000 per violation
What happens if I am not compliant with WCAG 2.2?
United States: civil penalties under ADA Title III; demand letters typically settle at $3,000–$25,000; litigated cases can reach $50,000+ in attorney-fee awards European Union: fines under EAA national transpositions vary by member state, up to €1,000,000 in some jurisdictions Canada (AODA): C$50,000–C$100,000 per day per violation in Ontario
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